《通雅》医学词汇考证方法研究

Analysis on the Methodology of Textual Research on the Medical Vocabulary of Tongya

明末方以智著《通雅》一书,其中的考证内容非常丰富。以《通雅》为材料,对其中的医学词汇考证材料进行搜集整理,对其考证方法进行逐条分析记录,并结合当代训诂学理论从形与义、音与义和义与义的关系3方面进行系统地总结分类。其中形义关系类可分为以形索义和通异形,音义关系类可分为推源系源和破通假,义义关系类可分为引申推义、词素分析、文献佐证和据古训。

Based on the materials from Tongya,written by FANG Yi-zhi during the late Ming Dynasty,offering a great quantitiy of materials about the textual word research,and the contemporary exegetics theory,this paper presents a taxonomic study on the methods of textual word research.The methods of textual word research include three aspects:the correlation between the grapheme and the meaning,the correlation between the pronunciation and the meaning as well as the correlation between the meanings.About the correlation between the grapheme and the meaning,it’s categorised as the arrangement of variant Chinese characters and seeking meaning from grapheme.Then the correlation between the pronunciation and the meaning,it includes the aggregation of paronym and the identification of the phonetic loan characters.As to the correlation between the meanings,it’s categorised into four parts:the extension and inference,the analysis of morpheme,the corroboration from the literature and the basis from conventional annotation.