高脂饮食联合不同类型球囊损伤制备兔腹主动脉粥样硬化斑块模型实验研究

Establishment of rabbit models of abdominal aortic plaque by high-fat diet combined with different balloon injuries

目的探讨高脂饮食联合不同类型球囊损伤制备兔腹主动脉粥样硬化斑块模型的可行性。方法 24只新西兰大白兔随机分为顺应性损伤组、非顺应性损伤组、联合损伤组和对照组各6只。4组均给予高脂饮食,顺应性损伤组、非顺应性损伤组、联合损伤组均于超声引导下行经股动脉腹主动脉内皮球囊损伤术,分别置入2 Fogarty取栓顺应性球囊导管、经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形(percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty,PTCA)非顺应性球囊导管、2 Fogarty取栓顺应性球囊导管+PTCA非顺应性球囊导管,对照组不作处理。术后24h、12周,4组行腹主动脉损伤段组织病理学HE染色,检测血脂水平,行超声检查观察腹主动脉内膜粥样硬化斑块形成情况。结果术后12周时,顺应性损伤组、非顺应性损伤组和联合损伤组造模成功率均为100%;术后24h、12周时,4组血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24h时,顺应性损伤组、非顺应性损伤组和联合损伤组动脉内膜明显损伤,损伤内膜下可见大量血小板、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞聚集,非顺应性损伤组内皮脱落程度低于顺应性损伤组和联合损伤组,对照组内膜完整,平滑肌细胞排列整齐;术后12周时,顺应性损伤组最大内中膜厚度[(0.72±0.07)mm]大于非顺应性损伤组[(0.51±0.02)mm]、联合损伤组[(0.57±0.02)mm]和对照组[(0.37±0.04)mm](P<0.05),联合损伤组大于非顺应性损伤组和对照组(P<0.05),非顺应性损伤组大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论高脂饮食联合顺应性球囊损伤为制备兔腹主动脉粥样硬化斑块模型的较好方法,造模时间短、成功率高、可重复性强。

Objective To explore the feasibility of high-fat diet combined with different balloon injuries in the establishment of rabbit models of abdominal aortic plaque. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into compliant injury group,non-compliant injury group,combined injury group and control group,with 6 rabbits in each group.Based on the high-fat diet,compliant injury group,non-compliant injury group and combined injury group underwent ultrasound-guided transfemoral abdominal aorta balloon injury surgery,implanting 2 Fogarty compliant balloon catheter,percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)balloon catheter,and 2 Fogarty compliant balloon catheter combined with PTCA catheter,respectively.Control group was not treated.The abdominal aorta underwent HE staining,blood lipid indexes were detected,and ultrasound examination was performed to observe the plaque in 24 h and 12 weeks after surgery in 4 groups.Results In 12 weeks after surgery,all models were successfully established in compliant,non-compliant and combined injury groups.There were no significant differences in the levels of serum total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein among 4 groups both in 24 h and 12 weeks after operation(P>0.05).All compliant,non-compliant and combined injury groups were found evidently injured intima,under which massive platelets,neutrophils and macrophages aggregated.The degree of endothelial exfoliation was significantly slighter in non-compliant injury group than that in compliant injury group and combined injury group.The intima was intact and the smooth muscle cell layer was arranged regularly in control group.In 12 weeks after surgery,the maximum intima-media thickness was the thickest in compliant injury group((0.72±0.07)mm),followed by combined injury group((0.57±0.02)mm),non-compliant injury group((0.51±0.02)mm)and control group((0.37±)0.04)mm in turns(P<0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet combined with balloon injury is the best method for establishing abdominal aortic plaque rabbit models with the advantages of quickness,high success rate and high reproducibility.