外泌体在心肌梗死治疗中研究进展

Role of exosomes in myocardial infarction

外泌体作为一种可远、近距离传递生物信息的载体,参与调控重要的细胞生理活动,在免疫应答、细胞凋亡、血管生成、炎性反应等生理病理过程中均发挥一定作用。目前研究发现干细胞分泌的外泌体可减少心肌细胞凋亡,促进心肌细胞、血管内皮细胞增殖、分化,外泌体的心肌保护作用效果已逐步彰显,其在心肌修复、血管新生中的机制也成为研究的重点环节,在热休克蛋白家族相关通路、凋亡蛋白家族调控机制及miRNA传输和调控等方面,外泌体扮演的角色被逐一发掘,为心肌梗死提出了一种新的生物分子治疗方式。本文就干细胞来源外泌体及其在心肌梗死治疗中应用的研究进展作一综述。

As a carrier of distant and close biological information,exosome plays an important role in the regulation of important cellular physiological activities,such as immune response,apoptosis,angiogenesis,inflammatory reaction and other physiological and pathological processes.At present,we found that exosome secreted by stem cells can reduce the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes,promote the proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells,and the effect of myocardial protection has been gradually demonstrated.The exact mechanism of myocardial repair and angiogenesis has been a key part of the study.The roles of exosomes have been explored one by one in heat shock protein family-related pathways,apoptotic proteins family regulation and miRNA transmission and regulation,which provides a new biomolecular treatment for myocardial infarction.This paper reviews the research progress of the stem cell source of exosome in the treatment of myocardial infarction and prospects for future treatment.