印度《司法规范与责任法案》述评及对我国的启示

Commentary on India Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill and Enlightenments to China

2010年印度《司法规范与责任法案(草案)》是各国司法改革浪潮中具有里程碑意义的代表性立法。法案对法官行为实体规范、法官调查的程序规范、调查程序的保障机制和法官财产公示制度有详尽的规定,具有统一性、分权性和专业性的特征。在获得好评的同时,司法独立和司法责任之间的固有矛盾、透明性和程序公正问题日益凸显。这让我们清楚认识到:我国特有的司法独立是构建司法责任制的重要前提;完善法官问责程序是落实司法责任制的关键问题;加强法官权利保障是完善司法责任制的前提条件。

2010 Indian Judicial Standards and Accountability Billis is the milestone of legislation on judicial accountability in the tide of judicial revolution. The Bill has elaborated judicial conducts,inquiry procedure of judges,other procedures relating to inquiry,and declaration of assets and liability by Judges. The Bill is characterized by uniformity,separation of powers and specialization. Good comments come to the Bill as well as the conflicts between judicial independence and judicial accountability,and problems on transparency and fairness of procedure. The enlightenment for Chinese judicial accountability such as the particular judicial independence is the vital precondition of judicial accountability,the improvement of judges’ accountability is the key issue of judicial accountability,and the enhancement of judges’ rights protection is the condition of judicial accountability.