余云岫《古代疾病名候疏义》的主要内容及性质

Study on the Main Content and Nature of Annotation on the Ancient Disease Names and Syndromes Written by YU Yunxiu

《古代疾病名候疏义》为余云岫晚年所作,是对《尔雅》《方言》《说文解字》《释名》《广雅》5部汉魏时期的文字训诂要籍以及《十三经》中的疾病和证候词汇及其古注收集汇编的一部著作,在系统研究病证词汇方面具有开创意义。通过对义疏与训诂定义的辨析、余云岫自序的介绍、全书体例以及按原书分卷次序内容安排的介绍、单纯引用疏解旧注的按语方式和训诂学与词汇学研究内容的异同等方面进行详细的论述,明确了《古代疾病名候疏义》的性质:以收集汇编魏及魏以前5部文字训诂要籍及13部儒家经典中的疾病和证候词汇及其古注为主要目的,并对所收集的的资料进行初步梳理,从而为病证词汇研究提供文献资料的义疏体训诂考据类著作。文中还提到了余云岫对涉及116个古代病症词汇的中西医病症名所做的对照工作,不仅列举出与某种症状对应的一系列疾病,而且对许多古今病症进行了辨析。

Annotation on the Ancient Disease Names and Syndromes was written by YU Yunxiu in his old age. This book is a collection and compilation of five important books of exegesis in Han and Wei dynasties in Er Ya,Dialect,Shuo Wen,Shi Ming and Guang Ya,as well as the disease and syndrome words and their ancient annotations in the Thirteen Classics. It has a pioneering significance in the systematic study of disease and syndrome words. Through the analysis of the definitions of exegesis,the introduction of Yu Yunxiu’s preface,the introduction of the style of the book and the arrangement of the contents according to the original book’s volume division order,the discussion of the way of quoting and explaining the old annotations and the similarities and differences between exegesis and lexicology,the nature of Annotation on the Ancient Disease Names and Syndromes is clarified: this is a work of textual Research on Exegesis of Chinese Medicine that the main purpose is to collect and compile the exegesis books of Wei and its five previous characters and the disease and syndrome words and their ancient annotations in the thirteen Confucian classics,and to preliminarily sort out the collected data,so as to provide the literature materials for the study of disease and syndrome words. The article also mentioned Yu Yunxiu’ s comparative work on the names of Chinese and western medicine diseases involving 117 ancient disease words,not only enumerating a series of diseases corresponding to certain symptoms,but also discriminating many ancient and modern diseases.