以《汉书·艺文志》等四种目录书论医籍史发展

Discussion on the Development of Medical Books History with Four Index Books Such as Yiwenzhi of Hanshu

《汉书·艺文志》《隋书·经籍志》《文献通考·经籍考》《四库全书总目提要》是我国古代较为重要的目录书,可反映图书的存佚、流传情况以及学术的发展演变。在著录医籍的数量方面,到了《文献通考·经籍考》开始大幅增加。在诊断方面的医书上,自《隋书·经籍志》开始著录,以辨脉象为主。经方类医书以《隋书·经籍志》著录的数量最多,多是小型方书。《文献通考·经籍考》则收载了规模较大的方书,如《太平圣惠方》《太平惠民和剂局方》。针灸方面,《汉书·艺文志》无记载,《隋书·经籍志》收载的书目最多。《四库全书总目提要》与其他三部目录书的不同,主要表现在医案、医论、综合性医书数量的大大增加。这四部目录书所著录的医籍数量、著录内容逐步增多,医籍分类、编纂体例越来越细化、精密,可清晰反映一段历史时期内医书的流传情况。

Yiwenzhi of Hanshu,Jingjizhi of Suishu,Jingjikao of Wenxian Tongkao and Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tiyao are important index books in ancient China,reflecting the existence and spread of books and the evolution of academics.In terms of the number of medical records recorded,Jingjikao of Wenxian Tongkao began to increase substantially.In the medical books on diagnosis,it has been recorded since Jingjizhi of Suishu,mainly discerning the pulse.As for medical books of classics prescriptions,Jingjizhi of Suishu has the largest number of prescriptions,mostly small ones.Jingjikao of Wenxian Tongkao contains large-scale prescription books,such as Taiping Shenghui Fang and Taiping Huimin Hejiju Prescription.As for acupuncture and moxibustion,there is no record in Yiwenzhi of Hanshu,and Jingjizhi of Suishu contains the most books.Different from the other three index books,Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tiyao is mainly manifested in the great increase in the number of medical records,medical theories and comprehensive medical books.The number and content of medical books recorded in these index books are gradually increasing,and the classification and compilation of medical books are becoming more and more detailed and precise,which can clearly reflect the circulation of medical books in a historical period.