从“职住空间”到“社会空间”——在日中国新移民的生存适应策略探讨

From “Job-housing Space”to “Social Space”:The Adaptation Strategies of New Chinese Immigrants in Japan

论文基于笔者对新移民组织和文化祝祭活动的资料收集与实地调研,运用社会学相关理论,以"社会空间"的形成作为切入点,探讨了在日中国新移民的生存适应策略。认为中国新移民通过"节点"的纽带作用积累"社会资本",进而构建以人际关系网络为基础的"社会空间"。在动态变化的社会空间,中国新移民可以利用各种平台,运用各类社会资源,在与他者的相互关系和互动中求得共生。网络式移民社区空间的构建,更符合中国新移民高流动性、高层次性、高创造性的特点和当今时代特征。它的存在不仅使在日中国人在远离故乡的生活世界里找到族群公共圈,产生连带感和归属感,而且避免了与日本社会的正面冲突,有利于新移民在与当地民众和平共处的前提下推进族群活动的日益丰富和活跃。

This paper is based on sources from print materials and field research and follows a sociological approach. It uncovers how new Chinese immigrants in Japan create the bonds and accumulate social capital(networks). It indicates that new Chinese immigrants have built network-style'social spaces'for ethnic communities to replace the enclave-style'job-housing space'of the early Chinese immigrants. This paper also examines how new Chinese immigrants adjust themselves to the new environment to meet their needs even if when Sino-Japanese relations become unstable.