石化催化技术创新的历史回顾与展望

Pathways Toward Petrochemical Technological Innovation --Historical Review and Future Prospects

回顾石油炼制主要催化技术的创造发明历史 ,被誉为“60年炼油工业技术革命”的分子筛裂化催化剂、提高直馏汽油辛烷值的铂重整工艺和生产高辛烷值汽油馏分的异丁烷 /丁烯烷基化工艺 ,其创造发明新构思的形成是受论文的启发、移植其它领域的概念以及实验中的意外发现。这些历史经验说明利用已有的知识和经验是形成技术新构思的一条重要途径。 1980年以来 ,我们也是沿着这些道路前进的 ;通过各种渠道已取得RN 1低压加氢精制催化剂、ZRP分子筛催化剂、重油裂解制丙烯、己内酰胺磁稳定床加氢等技术创新成果 ;进一步证实利用已有的知识和经验能导致技术创新。在科学技术突飞猛进的今天 ,仅仅利用已有的知识和经验去创新 ,是远远不够的 ,特别是要取得原始性的技术创新。因此需要开展导向性基础研究 ,围绕企业的重大业务 ,选择有关的科技前沿领域去寻找新的科学技术知识 ,帮助形成新构思去开发新技术。回顾国外石油化工催化技术的发展史 ,新催化材料的发现是创造发明新催化剂和新工艺的源泉 ,如ZSM 5沸石、钛硅分子筛和有机茂金属化合物的发现 ,导致一系列炼油、石油化工和聚烯烃等原创性新工艺和新产品的出现。受这样一系列历史经验的启发 ,近年我们开展了非晶态合金、负载型杂多酸。

Catalysis plays a key role in petroleum refining and petrochemical production. An innovation in catalysis usually brings a major impact on the competitive ability of the business. Historical review reveals that there are two pathways toward forming novel idea of an innovation. In the first pathway, the novel idea is formed from already known knowledge and experiences, such as those found in the literature, obtained from fields other than catalysis, observed accidentally during an experiment, formed from integrating catalysis with chemical engineering, etc. In the second pathway, which often brings important technological breakthrough, the novel idea is formed from the new scientific knowledge obtained during directed basic research. Thus, for meeting the future challenges, directed basic research should be conducted in the fields, such as nanosize molecular sieve, amorphous alloy, supercritical fluid reaction engineering, catalytic membrane, green chemical reaction and reaction utilizing renewable resources, etc.