农民工缘何背井离乡?基于社会比较和区位理论的农民外出务工主客观路径分析

The Analysis of Subjective and Objective of Migrant Workers Leaving Their Hometowns Paths Based on Social Comparison Theory and Location Theory

农民工作为城市生产和服务行业的重要劳动力资源,其成因问题历来备受关注。本研究旨在全面分析和解读'农村居民进城务工'现象背后的多元动因,兼顾经济、社会和个人心理视角,基于社会比较和区位理论构建了由城乡距离对收入(客观)和对主观社会经济地位、异质性产生影响,进而影响农村居民外出务工行为的路径模型。应用北京大学的CFPS2014数据,对上述模型进行了统计分析和假设检验。数据分析结果发现:城乡距离负向影响村民人均收入;人均收入负向影响村民外出务工,城乡距离负向影响村民主观社会经济地位;异质性在主观社会经济地位对男性村民外出务工的影响中起到了中介作用。最后,针对本研究的理论和实践贡献进行了讨论。

Migrant workers,as an important labor resource,have attracted much attention of researchers widely.This article aims to comprehensively analyze and interpret the multiple reasons for villagers working in the cities.We integrate economic/social and psychological perspectives,and construct a structural equation model(SEM),that the distance between urban and rural influences incomes(objective)/subjective economic situation and heterogeneity,thus affecting migrant workers based on social comparison theory and location theory.The hypotheses are further tested by using CFPS2014 data from Beijing University.The results show that:The distance between urban and rural is negatively related to per-capita income.Per-capita income is negatively related to the numbers of migrant workers.The distance between urban and rural is negatively related to subjective economic situation of villagers.The heterogeneity of villagers mediates the relationship between subjective economic situation and male migrant workers in the subjective path.Finally,theoretical and practical implications are drawn to conclude to this study.