中国返乡农民工创业政策演进特征——基于政策文本内容分析

The Evolution of Policies about Entrepreneurship of Returned Migrant Workers in China:Analysis on the Content of Policy Text

建构返乡农民工创业政策理论体系是深入实施'大众创业,万众创新'战略、人才强国战略及开发乡村人力资源以支撑'乡村振兴'战略的重要内容。本文聚焦我国创业政策,对国务院及部委发布的30项与返乡农民工创业紧密相关的政策进行了内容分析。研究结果表明,我国返乡农民工政策的发展过程可划分为持续探索期(2006~2014年)、系统集成期(2015年)、间断调试期(2016~2017年)和深度融合期(2018年至今),且支持返乡农民工创业政策的力度持续加强、体系不断完善。返乡农民工创业政策体系以解决农民工创业就业问题为导向、沿着'精细化发展'和'系统化融合'方向不断演进,一是以农村资源环境开发为背景,通过激发返乡农民工创业动机、提升农民人力资本、优化农民工创业平台载体和创业服务等,深度嵌入'乡村振兴'战略体系;二是以培育经济发展新动能、实施民族复兴战略为归旨,通过创造创业机会、发展创业金融、优化创新创业生态、繁荣创新创业文化等,补足乡村创业资源、制度、资本短板,全面融入国家'双创'战略体系。本文既为返乡农民工创业工作提供决策参考,也丰富了我国创业政策的理论研究。

Constructing the theory of entrepreneurship policy for returned migrant workers is vital to implement the strategies of developing China,such as'mass entrepreneurship,innovation by all',strengthening the country with talents,and rural revitalization.In order to enrich the theory,this paper has analyzed the content of 30 policy texts closely related the entrepreneurship of returned migrant workers issued by the State Council in China.The research,using the coword analysis method,demonstrated that the development process of China’s policies about entrepreneurship of returned migrant workers can be divided into some phases,such as continuous exploration period(2006~2014),system integration period(2015),intermittent debugging period(2016~2017)and deep integration period(2018-).According to the process analyses of emergence and development of the policy system,we believed that the policies system was improved continuously with the practice of migrant workers’entrepreneurship in their hometowns.Along with the practice of the entrepreneurship,we argued that the policy system should be modified and enriched in two directions in the future.The one direction is embedding into the'rural revitalization'strategy system deeply through improving entrepreneurial human capital,optimizing entrepreneurial platform carriers,and optimizing entrepreneurial services for returned migrant workers.The other is promoting entrepreneurial opportunity creation,financial development for entrepreneurship,optimization entrepreneurial ecological and creation of entrepreneurial culture,finally integrated into the'mass entrepreneurship,innovation'strategic system.The findings of this research provide reference for entrepreneurship practice of returned migrant workers,and enrich the theoretical research of the entrepreneurship policies.