复杂性与社会系统——卢曼思想研究

Complexity and Social Systems

在三个层面上揭示了卢曼理解的社会复杂性概念的含义 :旨意层面、社会结构层面与功能分化层面。由于科学的任务在于理解和还原复杂性 ,而科学在至今占主导地位的本体论的认识论指导下无法满足这一要求 ,卢曼提出了他的差异论的认识论根据。在这一认识论的视景中 ,人类的实践活动以及科学研究本身被理解为建构系统的活动 。

This article tries to show at three levels the contents of the term'social complexity'defined by Niklas Luhmann:at the level of meaning,at such of social structure and at such of functional differentiation.Given the task of the scientific research as comprehension and reduction of complexity,the scientific research up to now has not being able to fulfill this task-because of the applied ontological epistemology.Thus,Luhmann proposes another epistemological theory:the theory of difference.In the perspective of this theory,the social practice of human and the scientific research are interpreted as activities of system constructions.Such activities are defined as activities of setting and marking of differences.