“VP的”与「VPの」的指称性质对比——以“VP的是NP”与「VPのはNPだ」为例

A Contrastive Research on Metonymy in Chinese “VP-de” and Japanese “VP-no”——A Case Study of “VP-de shi NP” and “VP-no-wa NP-da”

本文从认知语法的角度,对汉语日名词化成分'VP的'与「VPの」的转指性质进行考察,详细分析了其认知基础及实际的语法表现,并以'VP的是NP'与「VPのはNPだ」为例,对两句型中'VP的'与「VPの」在转指操作上的异同进行对比。证明了'VP的'的转指操作会伴随以下三种认知操作:(a)使阐释位不侧显;(b)使阐释位不细化;(c)使关系结构不侧显。上述认知操作可以同时出现两项,但不会三项都出现。与此相反,日语的「VPの」可以同时实现上述三项认知操作。上述差异在'VP的是NP'与「VPのはNPだ」中表现为前者表示等同,而后者既能表示等同,又能表示属性。

Nominalization of VP is a phenomenon of metonymy.The difference of the distribution between"VP-de"and"VP-no"can be attributed to the fact that the cognitive operation activated by"de"differs from that of"no"."VP-de"activates the following cognitive operations:(a)to make the elaborate-site of VP out of profile,(b)to make the elaboration site of VP not be elaborated,and(c)to make relational structure out of profile."VP-de"can activate tow cognitive operations above simultaneously,but not three.In contrast,"VP-no"can activate all the cognitive operations above simultaneously.This is the cause of the fact that the function of"VP-de shi NP"is identification,and the function of"VP-no-wa NP-da"is identification and predication.