中日同形词的及物性差异研究

A Comparative Research on the Chinese-Japanese Homographs with the Focus on Transitivity

汉语为不及物动词,日语为及物动词,且词义接近的中日同形词有29个,按照其在日语中前后语素的结构关系可以分为V+N动宾结构(15个),V+V并列结构(6个),V+V状中结构(4个),N+V状中结构(4个)。这些词在汉日语中及物性存在差异的主要原因有:(1)V+N动宾结构的词在汉日语中带宾语能力不同;(2)部分构词语素在汉日语中及物性不同;(3)汉语部分词的结构发生了变化。

There are 29 Chinese-Japanese Homographs which are intransitive verbs in Chinese,while are transitive verbs in Japanese.According to the structures of the words in Japanese,they can be divided into 4kinds,such as V+N Verb-Object Structure,V+V Parallel Structure etc.Three main reasons can explain the differences.(1)The Homographs with V+N Verb-Object Structures have the different abilities of taking objects in Chinese and Japanese.(2)The transitivity of some morphemes is different in Chinese and Japanese.(3)Structures of some Homographs in Chinese have changed.