马克思创建政治经济学的三个维度述论

On the Three Dimensions of Marx's Political Economics

从总体上看马克思创建政治经济学有三个重要的维度:视角、内容和方法。资产阶级古典政治经济学源于自身的阶级利益立场和特定历史条件的局限,往往并不能建构出这样完整的维度,它们的理论缺陷是马克思对其进行内在科学革命并且揭示和批判资本主义社会本质的基础,它们的理论精髓在马克思创建政治经济学中也得到了继承和发展,简单地将马克思所创建的政治经济学等同于资产阶级古典政治经济学的概念话语体系,往往并不能深入把握其所具有的理论层面和现实层面的双重意义,看不出马克思创建政治经济学所展现出来的马克思主义哲学视角,即历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义深刻内涵,全面历史批判的理论内容,即拜物教的批判、劳动价值论对价格论的批判、信用及虚拟资本对未来金融资本主义的预测与批判、对危机的分析和批评,双重变革的研究方法,即既对黑格尔唯心主义的"抽象上升到具体"的方法实现变革,又对资产阶级古典政治经济学"从具体上升到抽象"的方法实现变革。完整地把握马克思创建政治经济学三个维度的方法论,对当代中国创建中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论具有重要的启示,能够为中国特色社会主义政治经济学的建构提供真正的理论元思考力量,为社会主义市场经济体制的建设和完善提供深层科学理论支撑。

On the whole,there are three important dimensions of Marx’s political economics:perspectives,contents and methods.Bourgeoisie classical plutonomy often cannot construct a complete theory of such dimensions because of class interests and their own specific historical limitations,their theoretical defects are the foundation on Marx manufacturing the scientific revolution of political economics,revealing and criticizing the nature of capitalist society,the essence of their theory is inherited and developed by Marx during the creation of political economics,simply the concept of discourse system of Marx’s political economics being equal to bourgeoisie classical plutonomy,often cannot grasp the significance both on theoretical and practical level,find out the perspective of Marxism philosophy that Marx creates political economics,the profound connotation of historical materialism and dialectical materialism,the theory of comprehensive historical criticism on fetishism,price theory,credit and virtual capital,and crisis,dual changes of research methods,both of Hegel’s idealism'abstract to the concrete realization method'and realizing the change of bourgeoisie classical plutonomy'from the rise to the abstract'change.Completely grasping the method that Marx creates political economics theory form three dimensions has important enlightenment to create socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics in contemporary China.