我国高技术产业研发效率的空间变动及影响因素研究——基于省际面板数据的随机前沿分析

On Space Variability of R&D Efficiency of High-technology Industries and Influencing Factors in China——Stochastic frontier analysis based on provincial panel data

运用随机前沿分析法对我国1995-2011年高技术产业的面板数据进行分析,结果显示,我国高技术产业研发效率整体较低,距离最优前沿面尚有近50%的改善空间。高技术产业研发效率呈现明显的空间差异性,东部地区最高,高于全国平均水平;东北及中西部地区较低,在全国平均水平之下。进一步研究表明,我国高技术产业研发效率具有明显的空间变动特征:一是我国高技术产业研发效率呈线性上升趋势,在不同空间上呈现特定的规律:东部地区按二次曲线规律增长,东北和中西部地区按线性规律增长。二是我国高技术产业研发效率的空间差异性呈线性收敛趋势,而东部地区、东北和中西部地区都按二次曲线规律收敛。运用技术无效率函数对高技术产业研发效率空间变动的影响因素分析发现,制度变迁、企业规模和市场结构对高技术产业研发效率的空间变动有显著的正向影响,这对各区域提升高技术产业的研发效率具有一定的参考价值。

The panel data of high-technology industry from 1995 to 2011were analyzed with stochastic frontier analysis.The conclusion shows that R&D efficiency of high-technology industries is low and there is nearly 50% of improvement space to the optimal frontier.R&D efficiency of high-technology industries presents obvious spatial heterogeneity,with the eastern region higher than the national average,the northeast and the mid-west lower than national average.Further research shows that the R&D efficiency of high-tech industry in China is characterized by obvious spatial variability.First,the R&D efficiency of high-tech industry in China shows a linear upward trend,with the eastern region growing in a quadratic curve pattern,the northeast and mid-west growing linearly.Second,the spatial difference of the R&D efficiency of high-tech industry shows a linear convergence trend,with the eastern region,the northeast and the mid-west converging in a quadratic curve pattern.An analysis of the influence factors of spatial variability of the R&D efficiency of high-tech industry,this article finds that institutional change,enterprise scale and market structure had a significant positive influence on spatial changes of the R&D efficiency of high-tech industry,which had a certain reference value for promoting the R&D efficiency of high-tech industry in the various regions.