程敏政“和会朱、陆”思想及其影响

'朱、陆异同'问题的争论是宋明学术史上的重头戏。'鹅湖之会'开了和会朱、陆的先河。在和会朱、陆历程中,徽州学者作出了重要的理论贡献。郑玉认为朱、陆之学各有优劣,应取长补短;赵汸认为朱、陆思想'合并于暮岁';程敏政提出朱、陆'早异晚同'说,并著《道一编》论证之,其思想影响王阳明及其后学,王阳明'因之遂有《朱子晚年定论》之录'。程敏政关于朱、陆'早异晚同'的思想,在和会朱、陆历程中起到承前启后、引导学术走向的作用,但朱、陆'晚同'并不符合朱子晚年思想实际,却表现出程敏政援朱入陆的思想倾向。

The problem of"differences and similarities between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan"is the most important contention in the learning history of the Song and Ming dynasties.The"Conference at Goose Lake"made a beginning of harmonizing Zhu and Lu.In the course of harmonization,Huizhou’s scholars made quite a mumber of theoretical contributions.Zheng Yu took the view that either of Zu and Lu’s knowledges had merits and demerits,they should be supplemented with each other;while Zhao Fang held that Zhu and Lu s thoughts were mingled in their late years.Cheng Minzheng put forth another opinion that Zhu and Lu’s knowledges were"different early but similar late";to justify this view-point,he wrote the work"Unanimity of Doctrines".Cheng s idea had an effect on Wang Yangming and his followers;for this reason,Wang wrote the work"Final Evaluation of Zhu Zi in His Late Years".In harmonizing Zhu and Lu,Cheng s idea of"different early but similar late"performed a function of succeeding the foregoers,enlightening the successors and guiding the trends of learning.However,the idea that Zhu and Lu were"similar late is inconsistent with the practical thinking of Zhu Xi in his late years.This fact reveals Cheng MinZheng s ideological inclination of"helping Zhu mingle with Lu".