明清徽州曲论平议

明清两代徽州曲家在戏曲理论方面取得了引人注目的成就。他们的戏曲理论涉及戏曲史论、作家作品论、戏曲创作论、戏曲声律论、戏曲表演论等方面,其内容足以构成一个比较完整的体系。徽州曲家已经具有相当清晰的戏曲观念,并对戏曲产生、发展的过程作了大致的描述。他们对戏曲史上许多重要作品作出了评价,其中程巨源对《西厢记》的评论极有光彩,潘之恒对《牡丹亭》的评论带有开创性。徽州曲家总结戏曲创作经验,对戏曲题材、情节结构、人物性格、戏曲语言等方面问题进行了探讨。潘之恒、凌廷堪对于戏曲声律多有创见,潘之恒的戏曲表演理论更代表了明代的最高水平。徽州曲家的这些研究产生了全国性的影响,为中国古代戏曲理论的建设作出了贡献。

The Huizhou dramatic critics made remarkable contributions to the dramatic theories in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Their dramatic studies consist of dramatic history,playwrights and their works,dramatic creation,dramatic temperament,dramatic performance and so on,all these constitute a comparatively integral system.Huizhou critics had clear concepts about plays,and described roughly the origins and development of Chinese drama.They commented on many important works,among them,Cheng Juyuan’s criticism on Western Chamber is illuminating,and Pan Zhiheng’s on Peony Pavilion creative and pioneering.The Huizhou dramatic critics studied dramatic themes,plots,characters,language and other aspects,and at the same time,drew experiences and lessons from them.Pan Zhiheng and Ling Tingkan presented many original ideas in their studies of dramatic temperament,Pan Zhiheng’s performance theory represents that of the highest level in the Ming dynasty.These studies of the Huizhou dramatic critics enriched the ancient Chinese drmamtic theories and had a wide national influence.