蒙元时期的牌符

Tallies and Tablets Institutionalized During the Fiur Khanates and Yuan Dynasty

蒙元时期的牌符极为发达 ,有别于历朝历代。关于牌符的实物资料 ,目前国内外仅发现有 17枚 ,主要有金牌、银牌、铜牌、铁牌等。牌符上以汉文、契丹文、畏兀儿蒙古文、八思巴文、藏文、波斯文等文字书写。其所行使的职权范围 ,用于传达皇帝的旨意政令、标示身份 ,牌符的管理机构为中书省、典瑞院。蒙元时期的牌符渊源于辽金时期的牌符制度 ,具有浓郁的民族特点 ,构成了中国北方草原地区游牧民族文化的一个重要组成部分。

Tallies and tablets institutionalized during the fiur khanates and Yuan dynasty were very flourishing.They ware different from other dynasties.There are only seventeen pieces of the related material objects found at home and abroad,including gold,silver,bronze and iron tablets.The words written on them are Chinese,Khidan,Bhaspa,Mongolian,Tibetan and Persian.The plaques were used to pass on the Emperors′ administrative orders and indicate the holder's status.It was Zhong Shu Sheng and Dian Rui Yuan that managed them.The tallies and tablets during the Great Mongolia and Yuan Period,which were derived from Liao and Jin Period,with strong national characteristic,is an important part of nomadic culture of the grass region in the north of China.