“两山也有碰头的时候”——论屠格涅夫与陀思妥耶夫斯基小说创作的心理分析

Two Mountains Do Meet Some times"——On Psychoanalysis in Turgenev's and Dostoyevsky's Novels

长期以来 ,我国对于屠格涅夫与陀思妥耶夫斯基的研究多限于对其中某一位作家的本体研究 ,偶有比较 ,却不言其同。而在俄罗斯 ,这一对比研究仍相对鲜见。其实 ,屠格涅夫与陀思妥耶夫斯基有着长期深刻、且互为影响的文学关系。作家在创作中所选取的艺术方法很大程度上取决于他对现实世界的认知 ,对历史与人的认知。屠氏的“隐蔽心理学”隐含着陀思妥耶夫斯基式的“公开” ,而陀氏的“公开心理学”更不乏屠格涅夫式的“隐蔽”。

Over a long period of time,studies on Turgenev and Dostoyevsky have just been restricted to either of them.There are only a few comparative studies and most of them do not focus on their similarities.Even in Russia,we seldom see such comparative studies.In fact,Turgenev and Dostoyevsky have a profound and interacting relationship in literature.The artistic techniques a writer employs to a greater extent hinge on his or her cognition of people,history and the world.Turgenev's covert psychology implies Dostoyevsky's overt psychology,and vice versa.