明遗民与清初明史学

On the Ming History Books Compiled By the Ming Adherents During the Early Qing Period

明遗民在民族思想和忠义思想激励下 ,不仕清朝 ,为了保留故国之史 ,他们积极研治明史 ,主要采取两种形式 ,一是私家撰修 ,一是襄助官修。前者重在探讨明亡原因 ,对明季史进行了深刻反思 ,后者从提供史料、审核史稿、提出建议、亲自与修等几个方面 ,帮助官方撰修《明史》 ,使之体例完善 。

In order to complete the Ming history, the adherents of Ming Dynasty refused to become Qing officials, however, they took part in the activities to compile many Ming history books actively and automatically leading by the nationalism and loyalty to their Ming Dynasty. There are two ways for the Ming adherents to participate in these activities: either to compile Ming history privately and separately by themselves or to help the Qing officials' Ming history compiling. They had made researches on the late Ming history to look for the reasons of Ming's decline when they wrote Ming history privately as well as to provide and check materials, or give advices to help and improve Qing official Ming history writing.