试探语义先设和语用先设的特点

A Tentative Study on Characteristics of Semantic and Pragmatic Presuppositions

先设(又称"预设")是语义和语用两个层面都会涉及到的现象,是语言学研究中的经典问题。从语义学的角度看,先设是句子本身具有的一层意义,是沟通的基础;从语用学的角度看,先设是说话人的先设,与语境有关,是语义先设延展。无论是在语义学或是语用学的领域中,先设及其相关理论都是很重要的内容。此篇文章试图通过对一些幽默笑话及其他语料进行分析,发掘语义先设、在其中发挥的作用,结合相关理论进行分析,并对其特点进行归纳,从而进行一些对比研究。其研究目的在于通过此次探讨明确这两种先设的不同以及联系,对"先设"达到一个更深层次的认识。

@@@@Presupposition is such a phenomenon that both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with. It is the basic informa?tion of communication, and can be treated as a kind of inherent meaning of sentence. In pragmatics, presupposition is highly relat?ed to the speaker and context, is the extension of semantic one. Seeing presupposition is an important part in both semantics and pragmatics, this thesis is aiming at analyzing and comparing these two kinds of presupposition by studying humor stories in order to have a deeper understand of them.