塞缪尔·约翰逊(Samuel Johnson)的文艺理论思想概述及其评析——基于《<莎士比亚戏剧集>序言》

An Overview and an Evaluation of Samuel Johnson's Literary Theories—based on Preface to Shakespeare

塞缪尔·约翰逊是英国新古典主义文学理论的代表之一,他的文学理论思想主要体现在其为《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的序言之中,主要可以概括为:一是"类型"理论;二是反对"三一律"的教条;三是文学批评标准;四是文学批评的方法。这些文学理论思想对后世产生重要的借鉴意义,但同时由于时代的差别呈现一定的局限性,首先是"类型"理论颇有排斥个性的嫌疑;二是关于文学批评标准和方法未形成系统,闲得很松散,因此关于其文艺理论应予以批判式地接受。

Samuel · Johnson is one of the typical writers in the neo-classical history in Britain.His had mainly proposed his literary theories in his Preface to Shakespeare and can be summarized as follows:first,the so-called 'general nature' theory;second his opposition to observing 'three unities' dogmatically;third the standards of literary criticism;fourth the methods of literary criticism.His literary theories had exerted a significant influence on his successors,but it is also necessary to pay attention to the limi tations of his theories especially due to the social-background difference,such as the 'general nature' theory may be mistaken as rejecting personality;secondly the standards and methods of literary criticism are not systematically.Therefore,it is a must to accept his literary theory critically.