浅议专名的涵义与指称

On the Meaning and Reference of Proper Names

对专名涵义与指称的研究,历来是语言学和逻辑哲学研究中的一个重要课题。该文首先简述语言哲学中的两大流派:以弗雷格、罗素、维特根斯坦为代表的摹状词理论和以克里普克为代表的历史因果指称论,然后扼要地探讨两种理论的优缺点。在专名问题上,摹状词理论和历史因果命名理论是相互补充的,前者突显命名初始阶段的内涵性理据,后者突显命名后使用过程的传承历史。专名产生的初始环节应该和专名运用的复杂环节相结合,才能真正地了解专名意义的产生与发展。

The research on the meaning and reference of proper names has long been an important topic in linguistics and philosophy of logic. This article first briefly describes the two major schools of language philosophy: the Description Theory, represented by Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein; and the Causal Theory by Kripke. The strong and weak points of each school are discussed respectively. On the problem of the proper name, the Description Theory and the Causal Theory are intersupplementary with each other. Both theories are only concerned about the different parts of the name,with the former laying focus on naming's initial stage and its motivation,while the latter on its usage process and historical inheritance after naming.The initial stage of the generation of proper name should combine with its complicated process of use, only in this way, can we truly understand the generation and development of proper name's meaning.