如何避免会话中的重叠和干扰

How to Avoid Overlapping and Interruption in Conversation

会话中的重叠(overlapping)和干扰(interruption)既有相同点,也有极大的不同。首先,重叠与会话原则(Conversational Principles)和会话分析(Conversation Analysis)有关。一方面,重叠的发生违反了格莱斯的会话原则中的量的原则(maxim of quantity)和质的原则(maxim of quality);另一方面,重叠一般是发生在话语转换位置(Transition Relevance Place/TRP)的完结处,也就是发生话语轮换(turn-taking)的地方。干扰和会话原则无关,但它会中断轮换结构单元(Turn-Constructional Units/TCU)的连续性,导致当前说话者(current speaker)无法完整表达其话语。因此,从某种程度上说干扰是一种不礼貌的行为。尽管重叠与礼貌无关,但它也会影响交流的顺利进行。所以,文章最后提出了几大预防和补救措施。

Both overlapping and interruption impede the fluency of discourse between the speakers. Firstly, overlapping is concerned with conversational principles and conversation analysis. On the one hand, overlapping violates the maxim of quantity and quality in conversational principle put forward by Grice;on the other hand, overlapping takes place at the transition relevance place(TRP) where turn-taking happens. Interruption, however, has nothing to do with this principle. But it breaks the continuity of the turn-constructional unite(TCU), leading to an impolite consequence.To some degree, it is an impolite behavior. In a word, overlapping and interruption have negative impacts on daily conversation. Therefore,several suggestions are put forward to avoid or save their occurrences.