半情态动词属性及语义辨析

The Attribute Features and Semantics Analysis of Semi-modal Verbs

半情态动词兼有情态动词和主动词的一些特点,属性特征和语义特征更为复杂。以半情态动词have to,be able to,be going to为例,阐述半情态动词特有的属性特征:由中心词和不定式结构一起组成一个单位,可以进行语态转换,没有祈使形式等。半情态动词语义可以按照不同的标准进行分类:Coates提出的根意义和认识意义,Palmer认为的认识意义、言据意义、道义意义和动力意义,Collins指出的道义意义、认识意义和动力意义等。以半情态动词have to,be able to,be going to为例,探究其相应的语义特征,说明半情态动词语义的复杂性。

Semi-modal verbs have some features of modal verbs and verbs with sophisticated attributes and semantic features.The example of three semi-modal verbs have to,be able to,be going to can illustrate unique attribute features of semi-modals:Semimodals can be considered as a unit of the head and infinitive structures,can be used in voice conversion and do not have imperative form.Semi-modal semantics can be classified according to different criteria:Coates raises root meaning and epistemic meaning;Palmer believes epistemic meaning,evidential meaning,deontic meaning and dynamic meaning;Collins points out deontic meaning,epistemic meaning and dynamic meaning.Using three semi-modal verbs have to,be able to,be going to explores corresponding attribute features and indicates the complexity of semi-modal semantics.