从需求层次理论的角度剖析《布登勃洛克一家》中的家族没落主题

A Study about the Family Decline Theme in Buddenbrooks from the Perspective of Hierarchy of Needs

《布登勃洛克一家》是德国20世纪最著名的现实主义作家托马斯·曼于1901年创作的一部长篇小说,主要讲述一个资产阶级家族——布登勃洛克家族的没落史。1929年,托马斯·曼凭借这部篇幅极致浩瀚的小说获得当年的诺贝尔文学奖。100多年以来,国内外学者对于这部小说中的家族没落主题的解读可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。该文试图运用马斯洛的需求层次理论去解析《布登勃洛克一家》的家族没落主题,探究造成这一名门望族没落的原因,以警示后人。

Buddenbrooks is a novel created by Thomas Mann in 1901 who is the 20th century’s most famous realistic writer of Germany. This novel mainly tells us a story about the decline of a wealthy north German bourgeois family (Buddenbrook’s fami-ly). In 1929, Thomas Mann won the Nobel Prize for Literature because of this voluminous novel. For more than 100 years, do-mestic and foreign scholars have different interpretations of the Buddenbrooks’family decline theme. This paper tries to use Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to analyze the family decline theme of Buddenbrooks and explore the causes of the noble fami-ly’s decline, and thus to warn the posterity.