反渗透膜的研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospect in the Development of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Technology

反渗透具有低能耗、高效率等突出优点,是目前应用最为广泛的分离技术之一。反渗透膜的性能是影响反渗透过程效率的决定因素,反渗透膜的研制一直是国内外膜领域的研究热点。特别是近年来,石墨烯、碳纳米管等新型材料展现出优异的水传递行为,成为新型反渗透膜材料的研究热点。本论文回顾了反渗透膜的研制发展历程,介绍了不同单体通过界面聚合反应成膜的研究进展,综述了国内外新型混合基质膜和无机分子筛反渗透膜材料及其成膜研究,最后提出了新型反渗透膜的研究方向。

Reverse osmosis process features in higher efficacy and lower energy consumption and was widely applied in water treatment and desalination process. Reverse osmosis membranes plays a pivotal role in determining the reverse osmosis process performance. The development of novel membranes with better salt rejection,flux and antifouling ability has attracted intensive research effort. Some materials,such as graphene and carbon nanotube,exhibited extraordinary behavior in water transport,making them promising materials for next-generation reverse osmosis membranes. In this paper,the history of reverse osmosis membrane development was briefly reviewed. Different monomers available for reverse osmosis membrane preparation via interfacial polymerization process were summarized and their regarding membrane performances were analyzed. The newly developed mixed matrix membranes based on the incorporation of nanoparticles were introduced as well as the zeolite membranes for water desalination. At last,some research topics on reverse osmosis membrane were proposed.