可控核/壳结构聚合物电纺纤维的制备与应用

Preparation of the Controllable Core-Shell Structured Electrospun Polymer Fibers and Their Application

核/壳结构纳米纤维是一种兼具核层与壳层优异性能的功能化复合纤维,通常具有优于核层和壳层自身的性能,如可控的机械强度和较好的热传导系数等。其特殊的结构极大地提高了纤维的使用价值,拓宽了纤维的应用领域,因此,核/壳结构纳米纤维成为纤维领域的研究热点之一。静电纺丝技术因其简单有效的特点,近些年来在众多纳米纤维制备技术中一直备受关注,制备结构和形貌可控的核/壳结构纤维的方法对于指导其在实际中的应用尤为重要。本文系统介绍了以静电纺丝技术制备核/壳结构纳米纤维的方法,主要包括单喷头相分离法、同轴静电纺丝法、乳液静电纺丝法以及模板法,重点讨论了影响核/壳结构的主要因素以及核/壳结构对纤维性能的影响。综述了近几年来国内外关于可控核/壳结构电纺纤维制备的研究新进展及其在药物缓释体系、组织工程支架、多功能敷料、污水处理材料、疏水性材料等领域的潜在应用价值。

Core-shell structured fiber,as a functional composite fiber,has the excellent properties of both core and shell layers.Its special structure and properties greatly broaden the application field of the fibers.Therefore,core-shell structured fiber has become a research hotspot.Electrospinning is an efficient and facile technique for the fabrication of polymer nanofibers,which has attracted much attention in recent years.The method for preparing core-shell structured fibers with controllable structure and morphology is especially useful for guiding its application.The preparation methods of core/shell nanofibers are presented in this review.The methods mainly include single nozzle through phase separation,coaxial electrospinning,emulsion electrospinning,and template method.The major factors for forming the core/shell structure and the effect on the properties of the fibers are discussed in detail.The new research progress of electrospinning core-shell structured fibers in recent years is summarized.The various potential applications in drug controlled release system,tissue engineering scaffold,multifunctional wound dressing,wastewater treatment material,superhydrophobic material,and other fields are also reviewed.