超交联微孔聚合物研究进展

Research Progress in Hypercrosslinked Microporous Organic Polymers

超交联微孔聚合物是一类重要的多孔聚合物材料,由于其具有高比表面积、合成条件温和、单体来源广泛等优点而成为研究的热点.根据不同阶段合成方法的差异,超交联聚合物主要由以下三种方法制备得到:(1)含官能团聚合物前体的后交联;(2)功能化小分子单体的一步法自缩聚;(3)通过外交联剂"编织"刚性的芳香族单体.本文介绍了超交联聚合物的发展过程,着重对三种合成超交联聚合物的方法、同时对微孔聚合物微观形貌的控制以及其在气体储存、分离、催化等方面的应用进行了总结.最后提出了超交联聚合物的缺陷和所面临的挑战,并对未来超交联微孔聚合物的发展前景进行了展望,指明了超交联聚合物发展的新方向.

Hypercrosslinked microporous polymers are currently an important class of porous polymer materials and receiving great interest due to their advantages such as high surface area, moderate synthetic conditions and diverse building blocks. According to the difference between the synthetic methods, hypercrosslinked polymers are mainly prepared by the following three strategies: polymer precursor post-crosslinking, one-step self-polycondensation of multifunctional monomers and external crosslinker knitting rigid aromatic compounds. In this review, we introduce the development of hypercrosslinked polymer in detail as well as investigate various synthetic methods and polymer networks with controlled micro-morphology, the broad practical and potential applications including gas storage, adsorption, separation and heterogeneous catalysis were also discussed. In the end, we talk about the disadvantage of hypercrosslinked polymers and challenges in the future as well as predict the further development on synthesis and application.