有机多孔材料:合成策略与性质研究

Porous Organic Frameworks: Synthetic Strategy and Their Applications

多孔材料已经广泛应用于离子交换、吸附与分离、主客体化学等诸多领域.多孔材料的研究同时具有基础和应用研究价值.根据多孔材料的元素组成及键连方式,多孔材料包括无机、无机-有机杂化和有机这三种形式的孔材料.相对于无机孔材料及无机-有机孔材料研究,有机多孔材料的研究时间较短.构筑有机多孔材料的基块其结构丰富多样,轻元素组成的有机基元通过共价键连接形成,因此有机多孔材料具有骨架组成丰富、修饰性强、稳定性好、比表面积高、孔道结构可调等优点.总结有机多孔材料的研究,结合我们自己研究工作,在这篇综述中我们将着重介绍它们的合成策略、气体储存、催化性能等.

Porous materials have been intensively applied in fields of ion exchange, adsorption and separation, host-guest chemistry, etc. The development of porous materials has fundamental and practical significance. Based on the component and constructing bond of porous materials, they include zeolite, mesoporous materials, metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) also known as coordination polymers, and porous organic frameworks(POFs). Compared with other porous materials, POFs could be considered as a new star. POFs are constructed by the designable and tunable organic building units(OBUs) via robust covalent bonds. Therefore, POFs display a series of advantages, such as diverse skeletons, high stability, high surface area, tunable pore, etc. The synthesis procedure could be described as the assembly of building units via specific acting force. In this review, we will introduce the synthetic principles, gas storage, catalysis, and other applications of the advanced POFs.