福建省3起麻疹暴发事件的医院感染特征分析

Analysis on characteristics of nosocomial infections of three measles outbreak events in Fujian,China

目的探讨近阶段麻疹暴发事件医院内感染的传播特征、医源性感染防控状况,研究其感染危险因素。方法对麻疹暴发事件医院内感染进行描述性分析,确定其传播特征和危险因素。结果麻疹病人排出病毒在密闭环境下3日内仍有传染性;事件3为福建省首起输入性B3基因型麻疹暴发;麻疹医院内感染场所重点指向输液室、儿科门诊和急诊部;中央空调和通风管理是发生麻疹院内感染的危险因素。结论高接种率环境下,存在院内感染为主引起的麻疹暴发模式,医院通风方法不当是发生麻疹医源性感染的重要危险因素,现场进行麻疹疫情会商,是有效处置暴发疫情的方式。

Objective To explore the transmission characteristics of measles outbreaks events,the control and prevention of nosocomial infections,and study the risk factors of measles infection in hospitals.Methods A descriptive study was conducted for the measles outbreak events in hospital to determine the transmission characteristics and risk factors.Results Measles virus of patient was still infectious in three days under the closed environment.Event-3 was the first outbreak of imported B3 genotype measles in Fujian.The sites of measles outbreak in hospital focused on transfusion room,pediatric clinic and emergency department.Inadequacy and existing problems in central air conditioning and ventilation management were the risk factors for measles nosocomial infection.Conclusion Under the condition of high measles vaccination rate,there exist the outbreak pattern of measles caused by nosocomial infection.Deficient ventilation method is an important risk factor for measles infection in medical institutions.The consultation of measles outbreak control on site is an effective way to deal with the epidemic.