改性木薯淀粉/橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

Preparation and mechanical properties of modified starch/rubber composite materials

以木薯淀粉、马来酸酐、苯乙烯为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,通过溶液共聚合成了一系列苯乙烯改性淀粉树脂(SMS)。然后将改性淀粉同丁苯橡胶(SBR)、天然橡胶(NR)进行混炼、硫化模压成型,制得苯乙烯改性淀粉/丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶复合材料。采用红外光谱(IR)对苯乙烯改性淀粉接枝共聚物进行了结构表征。通过拉伸性能测试考察了不同苯乙烯含量的木薯淀粉接枝产物对丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶的力学性能的影响。结果表明,淀粉改性后,随着苯乙烯含量的增多,所得复合橡胶的拉伸强度与邵氏硬度均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。当苯乙烯用量为15%时所制得的苯乙烯改性淀粉/丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度与邵氏硬度最大且优于未改性淀粉复合材料,其拉伸强度为2.0MPa,邵氏硬度为25.8HD。

With cassava starch,maleic anhydride and styrene as raw material,potassium persulfate as initiator,a series of styrene modified starch resin was synthesized by solution copolymerization.Then mixed the modified starch with styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)and natural rubber(NR),vulcanized and molded to obtain styrene-modified starch/styrene-butadiene rubber/natural rubber composites.Infrared spectroscopy(IR)was used to characterize the structure of starch graft copolymer of styrene.The influence of different styrene content of cassava starch graft products on styrene butadiene rubber/natural rubber composites’ mechanical properties was explored by tensile test.The results showed that the rubber compound’s tensile strength,as well as shore hardness,first increased and then decreased with the increase of styrene content after the cassava starch was modified.The styrene-modified starch/benzene rubber/natural rubber composites have the best tensile strength and shore hardness when the content of styrene is 15%(tensile strength of 2.0 MPa,the Shore hardness 25.8 HD,which was better than that of unmodified cassava starch composites.