全海深海底沉积物力学特性原位测试技术

PROGRESS IN IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF SEDIMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR FULL OCEAN DEPTH

海洋开发已经步入全海深时代,迫切需要获取全海深海底沉积物力学特性。由于海洋工程地质环境的特殊性,尤其是深海,常规取样难度较大,并且会扰动原状土体,海底沉积物原位测试成为海底工程勘察的重要手段。介绍了静力触探测试、十字板剪切测试和全流动贯入测试等海底沉积物力学特性的原位测试方法;归纳总结了影响原位测试结果的因素主要包括水深、底质类型以及解析方法等;重点介绍了一种全海深海洋探索技术"深海着陆器";展望了全海深沉积物力学特性原位测试技术面临的机遇与挑战。

As ocean exploitation has entered the era of full ocean depth,it is urgent to acquire mechanical properties of seabed sediments.Due to the complex marine engineering geological conditions,especially those in the deep ocean,it is rather difficult to collect high-quality undisturbed samples through conventional sampling techniques,and thus in-situ testing has become an only choice for submarine engineering survey.This paper aims to present a general introduction to the in-situ test methods,such as cone penetration test,vane shear test and full flow penetration test.And the factors that influence the in-situ test results are summarized,including water depth,sediment type and interpretation method.A deep sea exploration technology named'hadal lander technology'is introduced in details.A preliminary recommendation for development of in-situ measurement of sediment mechanical properties of full ocean depth is proposed.