基于实测资料的珠江口海域风和潮汐特征分析

Analysis of Wind and Tidal Characteristics in Pearl River Estuary Based on Measured Data

本文利用珠江口附近高栏站(GLN)、大万山站(DWS)和珠海站(ZUH)2018年4月-8月的实测潮汐资料对珠江口海域潮汐特征展开分析,并结合实测10m高度处风速资料分析该海域风特征。研究结果表明:(1)因观测期间为4-8月,受季风影响,三个站位均以南向或者偏南向为主,因有台风经临,风暴增水问题不容忽视。(2)观测期间,不同站位之间潮汐特征值并不相同,其中珠海站潮差最大,为109.7cm,大万山站潮差最小,为100.2cm;(3)不同月份之间,各站位月平均海平面并不一致,高栏站月均海平面最高,分别为248.32cm、260.09cm和262.55cm,大万山站月均海平面最低,分别为207.88cm、218.24cm和218.24cm。三个站位进行潮汐大多介于175-325cm之间。(4)观测期间大万山站、高栏站和珠海站的潮汐系数分别为1.74、1.78和1.49,施测海域的潮汐性质均属于不正规半日混合潮。该海域半日分潮以M_2分潮为主,等振幅分布大致呈现东北-西南走向。S_2分潮大致为M_2分潮的一半,迟角大于M_2分潮,证明其传播速度小于M_2分潮。全日分潮以K_1为主,等振幅线也大致呈现东北-西南走向。

Tidal characteristics in the Pearl River estuary area were analyzed by using the measured tidal data at Gaolan station(GLN), Dawanshan station(DWS) and Zhuhai station(ZUH) from April to August, 2018. The wind characteristics in the area were analyzed by the measured wind speed data at the altitude of 10 m. The results show that:(1) affected by monsoon, the three stations are mainly south from April to August;(2) the tidal characteristic values were different between different stations, among which ZUH station had the maximum tidal range of 109.7 cm and DWS station had the minimum tidal range of 100.2 cm;(3) the monthly mean sea level of each station was not consistent in different months;the monthly mean sea level at GLN station was the highest at 248.32 cm, 260.09 cm and 262.55 cm, and the monthly mean sea level of DWS station was the lowest at 207.88 cm, 218.24 cm and 218.24 cm, respectively;the tides at the three stations are mostly between 175 and 325 cm;(4) during the observation period, the tidal coefficients at DWS, GLN and ZUH stations were 1.74, 1.78 and 1.78, respectively. The tidal properties of the surveyed area were irregular semidiurnal tides. The semidiurnal tidal component is dominated by M2 tidal component, and the isoamplitude distribution is generally northeast to southwest. S2 tidal level is roughly half of M2, and the epoch is greater than M2, which proves that its propagation speed is less than M2. The diurnal equinox is dominated by K1, and the isoamplitude line shows a northeast-southwest trend roughly.