危险化学品泄漏事故海洋环境质量影响评价技术研究

Technical Studies on Assessing Marine Environmental Quality Influence

近年来,危险化学品泄漏入海事故风险不断增大,而国内外在危化品泄漏事故对海洋环境影响的评价方法尚不完善。本研究针对危化品泄漏入海事故的特点,构建了危化品泄漏事故海洋环境质量影响评价工作程序及技术路线,参考相关技术规范和文献资料,明确了不同类别海洋环境敏感程度的划分原则,提出了危化品泄漏事故等级和海洋环境质量影响评价工作等级的确定方法。在此基础上,针对海洋水质、海洋沉积物和海洋生物等环境质量要素,探讨了不同评价等级下调查范围、站位和频次等的设定方法。获取各项环境质量指标后,提出了基于有序二元对比定权的综合指数法评价危化品泄漏对海洋环境质量的影响程度。本研究为危化品泄漏事故海洋环境影响评价标准和规范的制定奠定了坚实的基础。

According to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals incidentally leaked into sea, we established a work procedure and a technical routine of assessing the influence of hazardous chemicals incidentally leaked into sea on the marine environmental quality. By taking the relevant technical standards, guidelines and literatures into consideration, the level of sensitivity was determined for different types of marine environments. The determination method of leakage incident level and marine environmental quality impact assessment level were proposed. Based on these results, the setting method of the investigation range, monitoring stations and frequency under different environmental impact assessment levels were discussed for the environmental quality elements including marine water, sediments and organisms. After obtaining the items, the standard index method was used to evaluate the impact of hazardous chemicals leakage on the marine environment. In this study, we have established a solid foundation for the establishment of standard and regulation of the marine environmental impact assessment due to the leakage incident of hazardous chemicals.