哈素海水量平衡分析及入湖污染负荷研究

Analysis of Water Balance and Its Pollution Load of Hasuhai Lake

哈素海作为干旱半干旱地区的湖泊,对维持区域环境生态的协调可持续发展尤为关键,本文应用水量平衡法动态分析了哈素海的水量变化过程,明确了入湖污染负荷。结果表明:哈素海多年平均接纳的大气降水约为658.18万m^3,湖面蒸发水量约为3095.45万m^3,河渠入湖水量约为3722.36万m^3,湖泊多年平均库容约为3456.67万m^3。通过沟渠进入哈素海的污染物中COD负荷量最高,约889.35t/a,其次为TN约110.47t/a、BOD_5约83.01t/a、NH_3-N约30.38t/a,TP负荷量最少约5.46t/a,所有渠道中民生渠污染物排放量最高,约占总量的87%左右,其他沟渠共约占13%,所以哈素海主要外源污染负荷来自于黄河。研究结果可为哈素海的保护提供依据。

The Hasuhai Lake is important for the harmonious and sustainable development of regional environment and ecology in Arid and semi-arid region. In this paper, the process of changing water quantity is analyzed dynamically by using water balance method, and the pollution load of entering lake is clarified. The results show that: the average annual precipitation in the Hasuhai Lake was about 6,581,800 m3, the evaporation from the lake was about 30,954,500 m3, the amount of channels runoff water was about 37,223,600 m3,and the multi-year average storage capacity of lake is about 34,566,700 m3. The pollutants entered the Hasuhai Lake through channels. The loads of COD was the highest, about 889.35 t/a, followed by TN about 110.47 t/a, BOD5 about 83.01 t/a and NH3-N about 30.38 t/a. The minimum TP load is about 5.46 t/a. In all channels, the discharge of pollutants from the Minsheng channel is the highest, accounting for about 87 percent, and other channels for about 13 percent. Therefore, the main exogenous pollution load of Hasuhai Lake is come from the Yellow River. The results of the study can provide basic information for the protection of Hasuhai Lake.