两株低温益生菌的包埋法固定化技术初步研究

A Study on Technology of Entrapment Immobilization of Two Probiotics

本研究以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠(SA)为包埋载体,并添加沸石粉、碳源,对2株分离自刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘的有机物降解菌(菌株编号分别为CD、DB11)的包埋法固定化技术进行了初步研究,并比较了固定化后有机物降解菌及不同形式细菌制剂对主要水质参数的降解效果。结果表明,固定化小球在添加碳源后能显著提高菌体对COD、NH_4^+-N和NO_2^--N的降解率(P<0.05)。在本研究条件下,可溶性淀粉、细菌数量和沸石粉比例分别为12.5%、10~9cfu/g、1.5%时,固定化菌株CD对氨氮的降解率最高。与游离复合菌体相比,固定化复合菌对COD、NH_4^+-N和NO_2^--N的降解率分别达到了62.4%、65.5%、62.2%,降解率则分别提高了17.5%、13.0%和12.8%。向养殖废水中添加沸石粉吸附的菌剂后,对COD、NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N的降解率分别提高了11.03%、8.89%、17.5%,添加固定化微生物小球菌剂后,对COD、NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N的降解率分别提高了14.92%、18.54%和16.53%。因此,以PVA、SA作为载体添加沸石粉和碳源对菌体进行包埋的技术在刺参池塘养殖的水质和底质环境修复实践中可能具有较大的应用价值。

In this study, a preliminary study on the entrapment immobilization using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and sodium alginate(SA) as the embedding carriers of two organic-pollutant degradation bacterial strains(CD and DB11) isolated from sea cucumber culturing ponds was carried out. Some zeolite and carbon were added to the microsphere. The degradation effects of microsphere and different kinds of probiotics on artificial aquaculture sewage water were compared. The results showed that the immobilization significantly influenced the purification efficiency of two strains(P<0.05). The purification efficiency by immobilized microsphere added carbon was much higher than that by free bacteria(P<0.05). The optimum proportion of the starch, the population of bacteria and zeolite in the microsphere were 12.5%, 109cfu/g and 1.5%, respectively, for the best removal of ammonia. The purification efficiency by immobilized complex microsphere is much higher than that by free bacteria. The removal rate of COD, NH4+-N and NO2--N reached 62.4%, 65.5% and 62.2% and the degradation rate was increased by 17.5%, 13.0% and 12.8%, respectively. The degradation rate of COD, NH4+-N and NO2--N was increased by 1.03%, 8.89% and 17.5%, respectively, after adding zeolite immobilized bacteria probiotics to the aquaculture wastewater. The degradation rate of COD, NH4+-N and NO2--N was increased by 14.92%, 18.54% and 16.53%, respectively, after adding microsphere probiotics. Therefore, using the PVA and SA as the carrier and adding zeolite and carbon source for immobilizing bacteria are crucial for sea cucumber culture pond water quality and sediment environmental restoration practice.