红树林湿地有机污染生态学的研究评述

Reviews on organic pollution in mangrove wetlands

有机污染物广泛并持久地存在于天然环境中,能够破坏生态环境,危害人体健康。红树林具有特殊的生态和环境特性,是吸收和积累多种有机污染物的理想场所。本文介绍了红树林生态系统有机污染物的分布及来源,总结了有机污染物对红树植物和动物的影响;评述了有机污染物在红树植物中的积累以及根际微生物对其的降解。最后,提出未来可能的发展方向,主要包括:(1)开展并建立红树林大量有机污染物的基础数据库;(2)研究典型有机污染物在红树林生态系统中的形态及迁移转化规律,同时探究其对红树植物和顶级捕食者的潜在毒性。(3)建立有机污染物浓度与生态效应的量化关系,利用模型评估有机污染物的直接毒性效应和间接生态效应。(4)加强红树林湿地微生物多样性调查,探究沉积物微生物对典型有机污染物的降解机理。

Organic pollutants are ubiquitous in the natural environment.They impact ecological systems and can be hazardous to the health of living organisms including humans.Due to special ecological and environmental properties,mangroves are an ideal place for the absorption and accumulation of various organic pollutions. This paper introduces the distribution of organic pollutants in the mangrove ecosystem and their effects on mangrove plants and co-habiting life.Then,accumulation and degradation of organic pollutants by rhizosphere microorganisms are reviewed. Finally,future development directions are proposed including:( 1) Establishing a database on a large number of organic pollutants in the mangrove forest.( 2) Studying the morphological and transfer law of typical organic pollutants in the mangrove ecosystem;studying the potential toxicity of typical organic pollutants to mangrove plants and top predators and comprehensively evaluating their risks to mangrove ecosystems.( 3) Figuring out the quantitative relationship between organic pollutant concentration and ecological effects,and modeling the direct toxic effects and indirect ecological effects of organic pollutants.( 4) Enhancing the investigation of microbial diversity in mangrove wetlands;exploring the microbial degradation mechanism of typical organic pollutants in sediments.