海洋塑料和微塑料管理立法研究

Study on the legislation of the marine plastic and microplastic management

近年来,海洋微塑料污染问题已成为全球关注的热点。加强微塑料及其次生来源塑料垃圾的控制,是减少海洋微塑料污染的根本手段。为完善我国塑料和微塑料管理的立法工作,对国内外海洋塑料和微塑料管理立法的现状进行了调查研究。目前涉及塑料垃圾管理的立法较多,但针对性较弱;而关于微塑料管理的立法较少,且主要侧重于对化妆品中的塑料微珠的限制性规定。借鉴国际经验,建议我国在立法中尽快出台个人护理品中微塑料的限制性规定,在环境税中补充塑料垃圾税,完善塑料垃圾回收处理体系,完善海洋微塑料监测和评价体系,建立公众参与制度等。

Marine microplastic pollution is becoming a global concern in recent years.To prevent and reduce marine microplastic pollution,it is very necessary to control the sources including the primary and secondary source i.e.plastic debris.To improve the legislation on plastic and microplastic management in China,the present legislation status in China and abroad was investigated.Totally most of the articles are on the plastic garbage management,however the detailed regulations are insufficient.The legislation on the microplastic management is lack,and it is mostly to limit the usage of the micro-beads in the cosmetics,pharmaceuticals and personal care products.Based on the international experience,it is necessary to enact the regulations of prohibiting the usage of micro-beads in the pharmaceuticals and personal care products,add the plastic garbage tax in the environmental taxes,improve the garbage reclamation system,promote the marine microplastic monitoring and assessment system,enhance the public participation institution and so on.