滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区越冬期水鸟现状评价

Resource assessment of wintering waterfowl in Binzhou Shell-dyke Island and Wetland National Nature Reserve,China

2016年9月～2017年4月对滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区越冬前期、中期、后期3个时期的滨海湿地水鸟种类和数量进行了调查。保护区共记录到水鸟7目12科54种,其中鸻鹬类、鸥类及雁鸭类(共占记录物种总数的83.33%)是构成保护区越冬期水鸟的主要类群。越冬中期水鸟种类、数量水平(19种9042只)明显低于越冬前期(29种28002只)和越冬后期(36种21043只),这可能与该地区环境温度变化规律有关。保护区越冬期水鸟群落多样性总体水平相对较高(多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数平均值分别为2.82、0.59、1.90),表明该地区生态环境状况适宜迁徙水鸟越冬。为更好地保护滨州近岸海域水鸟及其栖息地,建议尽早将保护区有关滨海湿地申报列入《国际重要湿地名录》。

Surveys of wintering waterfowl in Binzhou Shell-dyke Island and Wetland National Nature Reserve were carried out during September 2016 to April 2017.A total of 54 waterfowl species belonging to 7 orders and 12 families were found.Shorebirds,gulls and ducks,accounting for 83.33%of the total species,had emerged as the dominant species in wintering period.Waterfowl species and individual numbers in mid-winter(19 species and 9042 individuals)were obviously lower than those in pre-winter(29 species and 28002 individuals)and post-winter(36 species and 21043 individuals).This distribution of waterfowl in wintering period was likely due to the change of environment temperature.Shannon-Weaver diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were averaged 2.82,0.59 and 1.90,respectively,showing that waterfowl community diversity in wintering period was relatively high,and further indicating that coastal wetlands in the Binzhou Reserve is an appropriate habitat for waterfowl wintering.Thus,the Binzhou Reserve should be a name on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance as soon as possible for better conservation of waterfowl and their habitat.