黄河三角洲自然保护区湿地生态服务功能价值评估

Evaluation of wetland ecosystem services in Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve

黄河三角洲自然保护区是世界上暖温带保存最完整、最年轻的湿地生态系统之一,具有多种重要的生态服务功能。通过山东省第二次湿地资源调查(2011—2013年)及其它统计数据,结合保护区湿地生态系统的特征、结构及过程,构建了生态系统服务功能价值评估体系,应用生态经济学的理论和研究方法,对保护区湿地生态系统的供给、调节、支持和文化四大类功能进行了全面评估。结果表明:保护区湿地生态系统提供的生态系统服务总价值为123.113×108 元,单位面积服务价值为5.93万元/hm2,其中调节服务功能价值最大,为85.773×108 元,占总价值的69.78%;其次供给服务功能价值为19.018×108 元,占15.45%;文化服务功能和支持服务功能价值分别为11.992×108 元和6.330×108 元,占9.74%和5.14%。具体提供的15项服务功能价值大小依次为消浪护岸>调蓄洪水>食物>科教>固碳>生物多样性维持>气候调节>供水>保持土壤>大气组分调节>水质净化>原材料>旅游>航运>促淤造陆。货币价值的直观性突显了保护区湿地对当地经济及生态环境的重要性,可提高人们对保护区湿地生态系统的正确认识,为湿地生态系统的保护和管理提供科学的理论依据。

As the best preserved and the youngest wetland ecological system in warm temperate zone in the world,the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve plays a variety of important ecological service functions.Based on the second survey of Shandong Province wetland resources(2011—2013)and the other analysis data,considering the characteristics,structure and process of wetland ecosystem in the reserve,the evaluation system of ecosystem services has been constructed,and the ecological services of provisioning,regulating,supporting and cultural of wetland ecosystem in the reserve has been evaluated comprehensively with the theory and research methods of eco-economics.The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services provided by wetland ecosystems in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve was 12.3113 billion yuan RMB,and the value of per ha was 59.3 thousand yuan RMB.The provisioning service value of the wetland was the greatest value of 8.5773 billion yuan RMB,which accounting for 69.67%of the total value;the second was the regulating service function of 1.9018 billion yuan RMB,accounting for 15.45%of the total value;the cultural and supporting service were 1.1992 billion yuan RMB and 0.6330 billion yuan RMB,accounting for 9.74%and 5.14%of the total value respectively.the sequence of 15 ecological service values was:wave dissipation and revetment>adjusting flood>food supply>scientific research>carbon fixation>biodiversity conservation>climate regulation>water supply>soil conservation>atmospheric composition regulation>water purification>raw material supply>tourist>shipping>promoting deposition and creating land.The intuitive of monetary value highlights the importance of wetland in the reserve on regional economy and ecological environment,and the study could improve awareness of wetland ecosystem in the reserve,and also provide a scientific theory basis for conservation and management of wetland ecosystem.