旁指代詞“他、異、餘/别”歷時更替考

Study on the Chronological Substitution of Residual Demonstrative Pronoun“t(他)”,“yì(異)”,“yú(餘)”and“bié(别)”

古代漢語常用的旁指代詞主要有'他''異''餘''别'四個。從它們的歷時發展來看,東漢以前只用'他'和'異',但'異'在西漢已漸趨消失,至遲在南北朝後期就退出了歷史舞臺;隨着'他'逐漸向專門稱人的方向發展,漢末産生的'餘'和魏晉産生的'别'逐漸興起,並在南北朝後期明顯有取代'他'的態勢;到晚唐五代,'别'的使用頻繁,組合能力逐漸增强;至宋代,'他'的旁指用法急劇萎縮,'餘'已很少使用,'别'則至遲在宋代便完成了它取代'他'和'餘'的歷時更替過程。

The most commonly used residual demonstrative pronouns in ancient Chinese are“t(他)”,“yì(異)”,“yú(餘)”and“bié(别)”.Through the investigation of their diachronic development process,residual demonstrative pronoun only use“t”(他)and “yì”(異)before the Eastern Han Dynasty,but“yì”(異)was seldom to be used in the Western Han Dynasty,and it was almost completely disappeared no later than Northern and Southern Dynasties.With the word“t”(他)specialized used as a personal pronouns gradually,the word“yú”(餘)emerged in the late Han Dynasty and the word“bié”(别)emerged in the Wei and Jin Dynasties were commonly used.In the late of Northern and Southern Dynasties,the words“yú”(餘)and“bié”(别)almost nearly substitute the word “t”(他).Until Late Tang and Five Dynasties,“bié”(别)was common used and the capability of composed with the other words more and more strengthen.In the Song Dynasty, the function of residual demonstrate of the word“t”(他)was sharp contraction,at the same time the word“yú”(餘)was seldom used,and the word“bié”(别)was already substitute the words“t”(他)and“yú”(餘)no later than Song Dynasty.