從于闐文對音材料看中古漢語西北音日母的發展——兼論于闐文獻下加小勾的功能

The Evolution of Ri-initial in North-west Dialect of Middle Chinese Based on the Khotanese-Chinese Transcription Materials

于闐文對音材料中,日母字對’,一般認爲讀爲和’相對的濁擦音,這是對于闐文中下加小勾功用的誤解。把下加小勾理解爲表示濁音,會和漢語語音史的諸多結論不符,從于闐語本身也解釋不通。這個符號的作用當爲提示區别,與藏文中的小a類似。在漢語濁音清化的大背景下,日母和微母形成新的雙向對立。微母有讀零聲母的綫索,日母有可能相應讀零聲母了。這個音系是從以不空對音爲代表的西北方音演變而來的。

In the Khotanese-Chinese transcription materials,initial Ri renderss''which is usually regarded as the voiced consonant opposite to s'.But this reconstruction is in fact based on a misunderstanding of the function of the subscript hook of Brahmi aks·ara.The view of subscript hook denoting voicing can conform to any consensuses neither of Chinese historical phonology nor of Khotanese language itself.Actually the subscript hook,just like a-chung in Tibetan,functioned as a diacritic indicating difference in pronunciations.In the trend of devoicing of Chinese initials,the initial Ri and Wei formed a new bilateral opposition. The initial Wei was becoming zero initial,so the the initial Ri was also becoming zero initial correspondingly.This dialect was a successor of North-west dialect of Tang dynasty proposed from Amogha Vajra'transcriptions.