中古譯經異文所反映的“一詞多形”現象

The Phenomenon of“Multiple Graphic Forms of a Word”Reflected byVariant Characters in the medieval Chinese Buddhist Scriptures

漢語中有的詞具有多種書寫形式,即所謂'一詞多形'。中古漢語'一詞多形'現象也很普遍,中古漢譯佛經中的此類現象尤具特色;譯經文本具有大量異文,其中不少異文恰好表現了一個詞的不同書寫形式,因而異文是探究佛經'一詞多形'現象的重要材料。文章主要考察中古(指翻譯於中古)譯經異文所反映的'一詞多形'現象,以成因爲依據,大致可分爲四種情況:一、由異體造成的一詞多形;二、由通假造成的一詞多形;三、由分化和孳乳造成的一詞多形;四、由多種因素造成的一詞多形。

Some words in Chinese have two or more different graphic forms,called “multiple graphic forms of a word ”.The phenomenon of“multiple graphic forms of a word”is also very common in the middle Chinese,especially in the medieval Chinese Buddhist scriptures,whichis particularly distinctive;The translated Buddhist scriptures have a large number of variant characters,and many of themexactly show the different graphic forms of a word,therefore,yiwen is an important material tostudy the“mutiple graphic forms of a word”in Buddhist scriptures.The article mainly research the phenomenon of “multiple graphic forms of a word”reflected by variant characters in the middle-Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures(referring to texts translated in the Middle Ages).According to the causes of formation,it can be roughly divided into four types:1.the mutiforms of a word owing toallographs;2.the muti-forms of a word owing to tong jia;3.the muti-forms of a word owing to word differentiation;4.the muti-forms of a word owing to various factors.