《金剛經》複合詞翻譯對等完整度的譯者差異

Different Translator Styles and Translation Strategies in the Translation of Sanskrit Liuliheshi in the Diamond Sutra

複合詞是梵語的重要特點之一,中國古代文獻將之稱爲六離合釋、六合釋或六釋。本文使用《金剛經》梵漢對勘和同經異譯語料,分析比較歷代異譯本六離合釋複合詞翻譯方法的異同。從梵漢對勘可知,《金剛經》梵文複合詞在六種漢譯本中的對應單位存在譯者差别,表現在梵漢翻譯對應單位完整度與選擇性兩個方面。梵漢語言的類型差異、中印文化的不同,以及譯者的原典語言分析能力、漢語(目的語言)的表達能力、翻譯風格的影響等,都會導致同經異譯本在複合詞翻譯對等單位的完整性和選擇性上存在差異。梵漢對勘與同經異譯是漢譯佛經文獻語言研究的重要方法。

The compound (sat-samasah) is one of the most important features of San-skrit,it is also called Liuliheshi 六離合釋,Liuheshi 六合釋 or Liushi 六釋 in ancient Chi-nese literature. This paper adopts the materials of the comparative Sanskrit-Chinese ver sions and the different Chinese versions of the Diamond Sutra to analyze and compare the similarities and differences of translation methods of Liuliheshi 六離合釋 compound in dif ferent Chinese versions in past dynasties. On the basis of the Sanskrit-Chinese comparative study,we find that in the six Chinese versions,there are corresponding units' translator differences of the Sanskrit compounds? which are shown in the corresponding units' integ rity and selectivity of the Sanskrit-Chinese translation. The type differences of Sanskrit and Chinese, the cultural differences of the India and China, the original language analytical a- bilities of translators, the expressive abilities of Chinese (target language) and the influ ence of translators' style, will all lead to the corresponding units' integrity and selectivity differences of the compounds in the different versions. To analyze Sanskrit-Chinese ver sions comparatively and study different Chinese versions of the same sutra are two important methods of the Buddhist literature language research.