表演式抗争的动员机制及效果——基于“江歌事件”的传播学考察

Mobilization Mechanism and Effect of Performance-styled Protest——The Research Based on "the Event of Jiang Ge" from the Perspective of Communication

表演式抗争通过戏剧化、夸张化、煽情化的'表演',在近年来的抗争行动中频繁制造出一幕幕视觉奇观。这种以身体为符码进行抗争性话语编织的行为,实质上是中国特殊社会生态的衍生物,也折射出中国底层民众抗争维权的现实困境:法律制度的不健全、维权渠道的不畅通、抗争者资源的有限性。表演式抗争的目的并非为了'在现场解决问题',而主要是为了生产一些有助于扩散传播的符号来达到社会动员的目的和功能。江歌事件中,情感动员、移动社交媒体、谣言、身体符号是推动这场表演式剧目持续展演的主要因素。剧目的持续展演也带来大量副产品的衍生:人肉搜索所带来的公民隐私暴露、网络大V情绪诱导所带来的舆论暴力、民众手握'正义'旗帜所进行的舆论审判等等。如果不及时引导和应对,表演式抗争很容易演变为大规模冲突性集群事件,给政府及社会治理带来了相当大的威胁和挑战。

Through dramatic,exaggerated and sensational'performances',performance-styled protest is able to produce visual wonders in the protests carried out in recent years.The action of protest-typed discourse weaving with body as the symbol is actually a derivative of China’s special social ecology,and it also reflects the practical dilemma of the grassroots people’s protest and rights protection.It is mainly shown in the aspects of imperfect legal system,the blocked channels for rights protection,and the limited resources possessed by the protesters.The purpose of performance-styled protest is not'solving problems on the spot',but mainly producing some symbols that help to spread and achieve the purpose and function of social mobilization.In the event of Jiang Ge,emotional mobilization,mobile social media,rumours and body symbols are regarded as the main factors that promote the continuous performance of this performance-styled drama.The continuous performance of the drama also brings a lot of byproducts:the exposure of citizens’privacy brought by online mass hunting,the public opinion violence brought by emotional induction of celebrities on the Internet,the public opinion trial held by the public with the banner of'justice'and so on.If there is no timely guidance and response,it will easily evolve into large-scale conflict and cluster events,which would bring considerable threats and challenges to the government and social governance.