《五燈會元》“車”字考

Notes on che (車) in Wu Deng Hui Yuan

'一字入公門,九牛車不出'是《五燈會元》中一句著名的禪語,其中'車'為何義,時賢解釋颇為紛紜。本文通過排比文獻,結合語音變化,認為'車'源於'掣',後寫作'撦',俗寫作'扯',南方方言中偶爾寫作'車',意為'牽引、拉、扯',並對'拽'的來源做了探討。

There is a famous Zen’s language in Wu Deng Hui Yuan-."Yizi ru gongmen,jiuniu che buchu(一字入公門,九牛車不出)".Contemporary scholars give different versions of the meaning of"che(車)".By combining the documentary method with the laws of phonetic evolution,we find that the word"che(車)"comes from"che(掣)",which is replaced by the form of"che(撦)"and its irregular form"(扯)"afterwards.The form"che(車)"appears in the southern dialects occasionally with the meaning of"tract"or"pull".We also discuss the origin of the word"ye(拽)"in the last part of the paper.