說“誰何”

About the Exegeses of "Shui-he"(誰何)

對於'誰何'一詞,前人的解釋並不一致。郭在貽參考段玉裁的說法,將'誰何'讀為'敦呵',這樣迂曲的解釋是不必的。'誰'和'何'在古代漢語中都可以用作人稱疑問詞,由於同義連文,'誰何'遂逐漸固化為一個詞,該詞仍可以用作疑問詞,表示'誰人、何人'的意思。大約到戰國時,'誰何'引申出'喝問、盤查'的意思。可能到漢末以後,引申義漸漸晦而不明,以至生出許多解釋。其實,中外語言事實都能說明,從作為人稱疑問詞的'誰何'引申出'喝問、盤查'的意思是非常自然的。

The exegeses about the word'shut-he'(誰何) are not in accordance.Professor Guo Zaiyi read the word;as 'dun-he'(敦呵).This was not a good interpretation.In Archaic Chinese,'shui'(誰) and 'he'(何) were both interrogative pronouns,and they were usually used in juxtaposition.After a period of lexicalization,'whui-he' got the meaning of'inspection' in the period of War-Kingdoms,which was a natural meaning extension.Besides the extended meaning,'shui-he' could also mean 'who'or 'what person' as a disyllabic interrogative pronoun.