“好+V”的詞彙化考察——以“好看、好聽、好笑”為例

A Study on the Lexicalization of “hao(好)+verb”——The Case Study on the Diction “hao kan(好看),hao ting(好聽),hao xiao(好笑)”

漢語中已發生詞彙化的'好+V',如'好看、好聽、好笑'中的'好'與表'適合、容易'義的助動詞'好'有密切關係,而@類助動詞'好'的來源正是上古漢語中表'喜愛、愛好'義的動詞'好'(hào)。'好+V'的詞彙化軌跡可大致分為'AV好+V'的語法化和'M好+V'的詞彙化兩大階段。即'V好(喜愛義)+V'結構首先發生語法化形成'AV好(適合義)/AV好(容易義)+V'結構,在此基礎上進一步演變為'AV好(值得義)+V'結構,最終發生詞彙化形成'M好(值得義)+V'。其中'AV好(值得義)'在'好+V'的詞彙化過程中起關鍵作用。

The 'hao(好)' of 'hao(好)+verb' in Chinese,such as 'hao kan(好看)','hao ting(好聽)','hao xiao(好笑)',has high correlation with the auxiliary verb 'hao(好)' which represents 'suitable' and 'easily'. This type of auxiliary verb 'hao(好)' originally comes from the verb 'hao(好)'represents'liking' in ancient Chinese. The lexicalization trajectory of 'hao(好)+ verb'could be classified into two main stages according to grammaticalization of'auxiliaryhao+ verb' and lexicalization of 'morphemehao + verb'. It is the structure of' verbhao(liking)+ verb' which is grammaticalized at first into the structure of' auxiliaryhao(suitable)/auxiliaryhao(easily)+ verb ',and then evolved into the one of' auxiliaryhao(worthy)+ verb'. Finally, lexicalization generated the one of'morphemehao(worthy)+ verb'. And ' auxiliaryhao(worthy)' played the critical role in the process of lexicalization of 'hao(好)+verb'.