接受和施予:汉语小句中内外向动词的陈述功能

“Give-and-take”: The Indicative Functions of the “Inward/Outward” Motion Verbs in Simple Sentences

本文主要从人类生活中有关互动、交换、交际、交易的语言现象探讨内外向动词的小句陈述功能。文章认为,接受和施予是汉语小句中内外向动词主要的陈述功能。一般行为动词都有潜在或非潜在的内外向属性,其他动词也可能有内外向属性;而这种属性和动词所表达的判断、处置、被动、移位、结果、程度等陈述功能都有密切关系。古汉语中一些动词的内外向属性、"把/被"的语义发展及其在现代汉语普通话和方言中的现象,都反映了接受/施予的陈述功能。

It is asserted that the“give-and-take”senses are the main indicative functions of the“inward/outward”motion verbs in simple sentences.General action verbs have implied or non-implied“inward/outward”motion characteristics,which does not mean that other verbs may not have the same characteristics.The“inward/outward”characteristics are closely related to the indicative functions of the verbs on assertion,disposal,passive,locomotion,consequence,etc.